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HashiCorp HCVA0-003 Exam Syllabus Topics:

TopicDetails
Topic 1
  • Secrets Engines: This section of the exam measures the skills of Cloud Infrastructure Engineers and covers different types of secret engines in Vault. Candidates will learn to choose an appropriate secrets engine based on the use case, differentiate between static and dynamic secrets, and explore the use of transit secrets for encryption. The section also introduces response wrapping and the importance of short-lived secrets for enhancing security. Hands-on tasks include enabling and accessing secrets engines using the CLI, API, and UI.
Topic 2
  • Authentication Methods: This section of the exam measures the skills of Security Engineers and covers authentication mechanisms in Vault. It focuses on defining authentication methods, distinguishing between human and machine authentication, and selecting the appropriate method based on use cases. Candidates will learn about identities and groups, along with hands-on experience using Vault's API, CLI, and UI for authentication. The section also includes configuring authentication methods through different interfaces to ensure secure access.
Topic 3
  • Vault Deployment Architecture: This section of the exam measures the skills of Platform Engineers and focuses on deployment strategies for Vault. Candidates will learn about self-managed and HashiCorp-managed cluster strategies, the role of storage backends, and the application of Shamir secret sharing in the unsealing process. The section also covers disaster recovery and performance replication strategies to ensure high availability and resilience in Vault deployments.
Topic 4
  • Access Management Architecture: This section of the exam measures the skills of Enterprise Security Engineers and introduces key access management components in Vault. Candidates will explore the Vault Agent and its role in automating authentication, secret retrieval, and proxying access. The section also covers the Vault Secrets Operator, which helps manage secrets efficiently in cloud-native environments, ensuring streamlined access management.

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HashiCorp Certified: Vault Associate (003)Exam Sample Questions (Q154-Q159):

NEW QUESTION # 154
Hanna is working with Vault and has been assigned a namespace called integration, where she stores all her secrets. Hanna configured her application to use the following API request, but the request is failing. What changes below will help Hanna correctly retrieve the secret? (Select two)
$ curl
--header "X-Vault-Token:hvs.lzrmRe5Y3LMcDRmOttEjWoag"
--request GET
https://vault.example.com:8200/v1/secret/data/my-secret

  • A. $ curl --header "X-Vault-Token:hvs.lzrmRe5Y3LMcDRmOttEjWoag" --request GET --namespace
    "integration" https://vault.example.com:8200/v1/secret/data/my-secret
  • B. $ curl --header "X-Vault-Token:hvs.lzrmRe5Y3LMcDRmOttEjWoag" --request GET https://vault.
    example.com:8200/v1/integration/secret/data/my-secret
  • C. $ curl --header "X-Vault-Token:hvs.lzrmRe5Y3LMcDRmOttEjWoag" --header "X-Vault-Namespace:
    integration" --request GET https://vault.example.com:8200/v1/secret/data/my-secret
  • D. $ curl --header "X-Vault-Token:hvs.lzrmRe5Y3LMcDRmOttEjWoag" --request GETintegration
    https://vault.example.com:8200/v1/secret/data/my-secret

Answer: B,C

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
Vault namespaces require specifying the integration namespace to access secrets:
* C. Path-Based: "Modifying the API request URL to include the namespace 'integration' before the path to the secret ensures that Hanna is accessing the secret from the correct namespace." The URL
https://vault.example.com:8200/v1/integration/secret/data/my-secret correctly prepends the namespace.
* D. Header-Based: "Adding the 'X-Vault-Namespace:integration' header specifies the namespace where the secrets are stored." This header method keeps the base path unchanged while targeting the integration namespace.
* Incorrect Options:
* A: Incorrect syntax; integration is malformed. "The API request URL structure is incorrect."
* B: --namespace is not a curl flag. "The '--namespace' flag is not a valid option."
"To invoke an API on a specific namespace, you can pass the target namespace in the X-Vault-Namespace header or make the namespace as a part of the API endpoint." Reference:https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/enterprise/namespaces


NEW QUESTION # 155
An application is trying to use a dynamic secret in which the lease has expired. What can be done in order for the application to successfully request data from Vault?

  • A. Perform a lease renewal
  • B. Request a new secret and associated lease
  • C. Try the expired secret in hopes it hasn't been deleted yet
  • D. Request the TTL be extended for the secret lease

Answer: B

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
Once a dynamic secret's lease expires, it cannot be renewed or reused; a new secret must be requested. The HashiCorp Vault documentation states: "A lease must be renewed before it has expired. Once it has expired, it is permanently revoked and a new secret must be requested." This means that after expiration, the secret is invalidated, and the application must obtain a new secret with a new lease to regain access.
Trying an expired secret (A) is futile as it's revoked. Performing a lease renewal (B) is impossible post- expiration, as the docs note: "Renewal must occur before the lease expires." Extending the TTL (D) isn't an option for an expired lease. Thus, C is the correct action.
Reference:
HashiCorp Vault Documentation - Leases: Lease Renew and Revoke


NEW QUESTION # 156
What environment variable overrides the CLI's default Vault server address?

  • A. VAULT _HTTPS_ ADDRESS
  • B. VAULT_ADDR
  • C. VAULT_HTTP_ADORESS
  • D. VAULT_ADDRESS

Answer: C

Explanation:
The environment variable VAULT_ADDR overrides the CLI's default Vault server address. The VAULT_ADDR environment variable specifies the address of the Vault server that is used to communicate with Vault from other applications or processes. By setting this variable, you can avoid hard-coding the Vault server address in your code or configuration files, and you can also use different addresses for different environments or scenarios. For example, you can use a local development server for testing purposes, and a production server for deploying your application. References: Commands (CLI) | Vault | HashiCorp Developer, Vault Agent - secrets as environment variables | Vault | HashiCorp Developer


NEW QUESTION # 157
What occurs when a Vault cluster cannot maintain a quorum while using the Integrated Storage backend?

  • A. Vault continues to operate in read-only mode until quorum is restored
  • B. The cluster becomes unavailable and cannot commit new logs
  • C. Vault temporarily switches to local storage until quorum is regained
  • D. Vault automatically promotes a standby node to a leader to restore quorum

Answer: B

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
Integrated Storage (Raft) requires a quorum:
* B. Unavailable: "If a cluster cannot achieve quorum, the cluster becomes unavailable and cannot commit new logs." Quorum is "a majority of members from a peer set," e.g., 3 of 5 nodes.
* Incorrect Options:
* A. Read-Only: "Does not continue to operate in read-only mode."
* C. Auto-Promotion: "Does not automatically promote a standby node."
* D. Local Storage: "Does not temporarily switch to local storage."
Quorum loss halts operations to ensure consistency.
Reference:https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/v1.16.x/internals/integrated-storage


NEW QUESTION # 158
There are a few ways in Vault that can be used to obtain a root token. Select the valid methods from the answers below. (Select three)

  • A. Using a batch DR operation token to create a new root token in the event of an emergency
  • B. Initializing Vault when first creating the cluster by using vault operator init
  • C. Running the command vault token create when using a valid root token
  • D. Generating a root token using a quorum of recovery keys when using Vault auto unseal

Answer: B,C,D

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
Root tokens are restricted in creation. The Vault documentation states:
"Root tokens are tokens that have the root policy attached to them. In fact, there are only three ways to create root tokens:
* The initial root token generated at vault operator init -- this token has no expiration
* By using another root token; a root token with an expiration cannot create a root token that never expires
* By using vault operator generate-root with the permission of a quorum of unseal/recovery key holders"
-Vault Concepts: Tokens
* A,B,D: Correct per the above.
* C: Incorrect; DR tokens are for replication, not root creation:
"DR operation tokens are typically used for disaster recovery operations and may not be directly related to generating a root token in Vault."
-Vault Replication
References:
Vault Concepts: Tokens


NEW QUESTION # 159
......

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